Contract Law Contract for the Tanker Construction

Question: Portray about the Contract Law for Contract for the Tanker Construction. Answer: 1. Issue The basic issue for this situation is to comment on the nearness of the legitimate thought and association of the different components required for Jack to have an enforceable concurrence with Jane. Rule The primary essentials for the sanctioning of an enforceable understanding are featured underneath (Andrews, 2011). 1) Lawful proposal from the concerned offeror/promisor coordinated to the offeree 2) Lawful acknowledgment from the concerned offeree/promisee coordinated to the offeror 3) Valid thought for both the offeror and offeree Legitimate offer and substantial acknowledgment It is critical for the establishment of an enforceable understanding that the offer and acknowledgment must be stretched out with sound brain and assent of both the gatherings for example offeror and offeree. The significant viewpoint for the legitimate offer/guarantee relies upon the idea of the offer for example the offer must be lawful according to common law, at risk and should have some worth and must be conveyed to the offeree (Carter, 2012). For legal acknowledgment, the offeree must not include any condition or terms consequently to the offer. On the off chance that the separate offeree has sent acknowledgment, in the wake of including a few conditions, at that point it would be assigned as counteroffer. This acknowledgment can't be named as substantial, till the first offeror affirmed the counteroffer and sends acknowledgment for the counteroffer. (Davenport Parker, 2014). Legitimate thought Another key element for the lawful understanding is substantial thought. This is explicit in nature since it portrays the distinction between the enforceable guarantee and needless guarantee. The genuine meaning of the thought can be embraced from Dunlop Pneumatic Tire Co Ltd v Selfridge Co Ltd (1915) case. Thought is the huge sum that the offeree needs to pay to the offeror so as to give pay to the particular offer or duty (Pathinayake, 2014). As legitimate thought is the fundamental imperative for the lawful understanding, consequently it is important to talk about the different viewpoints identified with this fixing. Substantial thought must be applied for the offer/guarantee, which will perform or establish in the current situation or in future, since any past thought would not at risk to play out any current guarantee (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). Thought can be any article, value, any guarantee in the arrival to the offer/guarantee. An institution of the understanding, without explicit substantial thought will be treated as invalid or void understanding (Harvey, 2009). Another part of thought is sufficiency. It isn't fundamental that the thought sum will be equivalent to the present market measure of the offer or guarantee. This part of the thought can be disclosed by alluding to the decision of Chappell Co Ltd v Nestl Co Ltd (1960) case, in which three chocolate wrappers were considered as a legitimate thought for the agreement. At the point when any unpardonable direct hosts happened between the gatherings, at that point the sufficiency of the thought sum is considered. Court will raise the purpose of sufficiency of thought add up to forestall any off-base choice within the sight of deceptive or hopeless direct (Lindgen , 2011). Application Jane offers to give her vehicle to Jack Offeror Jane migrated in abroad area and accordingly made a proposal to give her vehicle to Jack, without requesting any pay consequently to the vehicle. At the hour of this exchange, the business estimation of the vehicle was about $25,000. Jack wilfully acknowledged the proposal without requesting specifications from Jane. The legitimate offer and acknowledgment isn't adequate to sanction an enforceable understanding, as there was no thought performed for Jane. Along these lines, this offer becomes unwarranted guarantee because of the nonattendance of thought. In this way, with respect to the guidelines of the agreement law, the nearness of unnecessary guarantees can't clear route for an enforceable understanding for Jack. Jane offers to offer her vehicle to Jack for a pay measure of $25,000 Offeror Jane stretches out a proposal to offer her vehicle to Jack for a particular remuneration measure of $25,000. The offeree Jack sent his acknowledgment for the individual offer. He was set to pay $25,000 to pick up ownership of the vehicle. In this situation, the substantial offer is made by Jane, legitimate acknowledgment is sent by Jack in a wilful way and the most significant viewpoint, nearness of the remuneration or thought measure of $25,000 which was actually equivalent to business estimation of the vehicle is additionally there. Subsequently, a legitimate enforceable understanding is compulsory for Jack. Jane offers to offer her vehicle to Jack in the pay of $2,500 Offeror Jane made a proposal to offer her vehicle to Jack. She additionally requested that Jack pay a remuneration measure of $ 2,500. Jack affirmed to pay this pay add up to Jane with no contention and conditions. The business estimation of the vehicle at the time institution of the understanding was $25,000. Be that as it may, the referenced thought sum isn't anyplace near the business estimation of the vehicle, which emerge the topic of ampleness. According to the above conversation, there was no any unconscionable action or pressure performed by the offeror or offeree. Subsequently, according to the decision of the agreement law, sufficiency isn't basic in the present situation. Subsequently, the pay measure of $2,500 will likewise be filled in as substantial thought. In this manner the nearness of lawful thought prompts the presence of an enforceable understanding for Jack. End Case1: Presence of unwarranted guarantee because of absence of legitimate thought and no enforceable understanding for Jack. Case 2: Presence of every single basic fixing for example offers, acknowledgment and thought caused establishment of an enforceable understanding for Jack. Case3: Presence of thought, offer and acknowledgment lead to the presence of enforceable understanding for Jack, as no unsuspicious direct was available. 2. Issue In light of the authoritative lead of the two gatherings, decide with respect to whether the North Ocean Tankers would discover achievement in their recuperation guarantee. Rule An agreement execution requires the exact and positive nearness of a large group of elements. In this respects, one of the most basic ones is common assent with respect to gatherings to go into contract. For this to occur, the two gatherings ought to have enough thought to bring upon themselves authoritative commitments (Carter, 2012). At the point when a specific agreement term might be one-sided towards the enthusiasm of a specific gathering, it is probably going to be dismissed by the other party. In any case, on occasion, in these cases assent through power might be acquired with the expectation of framing an agreement. Such sort of condition is alluded to as coercion. Pressure might be available for the first agreement yet may likewise be applied concerning embeddings terms that will in general ensure the interests of the prevailing party (Andrews, 2011). As per the significant arrangements of the custom-based law, contracts ordered under the activities that fall inside the ambit of coercion would be voidable at the desire of the gathering whose assent have been acquired through use of power. The underwriting of this comprehension is reached out from the choice of Generation Corporation t/as Verve Energy v. Woordside Energy Ltd. [2013] WA SCA 36 case. On the off chance that the gathering could demonstrate that to be sure pressure was available, at that point the gathering can conceivably recoup the misfortunes caused because of release of legally binding commitments which were constrained (Paterson, Robertson Duke, 2015). Pressure is a broadly utilized resistance where the gatherings are straightforwardly or by implication compelled to consent to unjustified requests. The idea of pressure has likewise developed in the last four to five decades to incorporate and take discernment of the financial coercion which is progressively getting increasingly common with the expansion in business exchanges. Not at all like physical danger which are more straightforward, monetary dangers are roundabout in nature and henceforth certain pointers are valuable in distinguishing the nearness of financial pressure (Pathinayake, 2014). Proof should be given respects to the use of prevailing monetary situation in dishonesty in order to acquire constrained assent. Further, under the weight applied by the prevailing party, the gathering subject to pressure has no pragmatic choice but to concur with the requests. This understanding thusly prompts the foundation of a legally binding connection between the gatherings (Taylor, 2015). Achievement in demonstrating that the agreement was undoubtedly ordered under financial pressure would give the distressed party the option to bring legitimate charges against the other party with the expectation of guaranteeing misfortunes caused. In any case, to effectively guarantee the harms, the issue must be brought to the notification of the court as the most punctual after the legally binding commitments have been released (Davnport Parker, 2014). Regardless, it is basic that the issue ought to be brought under the steady gaze of the court in sensible time. This sensible time has not been impartially evaluated and basically would be determined by the separate conditions of each case and it is the privilege of the court to opine on this issue (Lindgren, 2011). The significance of timing concerning guarantee documenting is evident from the choice in the North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979] QB 705 case. Despite the fact that the court was in a state of harmony with the offended party concerning monetary pressure being utilized yet the case was dismissed as the case was acquired the court simply following a deferral of multi month post conveyance which the court administered was not inside sensible time. Accordingly, the court decided that this enormous postponement added up to acknowledgment being given by the wronged party to the adjusted agreement along these lines making it legitimate (Pendleton Vickery, 2005). Application In the given case, two gatherings go into a lawful agreement for the big hauler development, The purchaser along these lines goes into anoth

Washington, D.C. Career Conference COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Washington, D.C. Career Conference COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following is an interview with Kirsten Bokenkamp, Head Organizer of SIPA’s Office of Career Services Washington D.C. Career Conference which takes place each January. What is the Washington D.C. Career Conference? The Washington D.C. Career Conference has taken place annually for the last 33 years.   As SIPA is located in New York, the Conference allows students to learn more about job and internship opportunities in the Washington D.C. area.   The Conference also allows students to get to know alumni and potential employers in the D.C. area. Which employers participated in last years conference? There was a wide range of employers represented at the Conference.   This past years employers included: AECOM International Development, Americans for the Arts, Ashoka, Bearing Point, Booz Allen Hamilton, Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution, Business Civic Leadership Center, Carbon Finance Unit, World Bank, Catholic Relief Services, Center for Naval Analysis, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, CGAP, Chemonics International, Chevron, DAI, Deloitte Consulting LLP, ENOUGH Project, Export-Import Bank, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Garten Rothkopf, Institute for Defense Analyses, International Civil Society Action Network, National Democratic Institute, National Democratic Institute, National Geographic Magazine, NPR, Office of Congressman Steve Israel, Office of Management and Budget, Peterson Institute for International Economics, QED Group, RAND Corporation, Refugee Protection Program, Human Rights First, Refugees International, Roll Call, Search for Common Groun d, Sentinel HS Group, LLC, Society for International Development, The Advocacy Project, The Cohen Group, The Stella Group, U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Government Accountability Office, U.S. State Department, US Green Building Council, William James Foundation, World Bank, World Resources Institute How does the Conference work?   What is the process that the students go through? Interested students must register for the Conference in advance.   At the time of registration, students pay the fee (this year it was $60), and sign up for the panels they would like to attend.   The Conference takes place during winter break, on the Thursday and Friday before classes start.   On Thursday, there are usually about 15 panels, with 3-5 speakers each.     Panel topics include all of SIPAs functional concentrations, in addition to career paths such as consulting, microfinance, and corporate social responsibility.   The Conference also includes the Alumni Networking Reception on Thursday evening, where students and alums are able to socialize in a less formal environment. For the past two years, the Networking Reception has been at the Four Seasons Hotel, in Georgetown.   On Friday, students have the chance to schedule informational interviews with alums and participate in employer site visits.   This year employer site visits included the World Bank, the U.S. Department of State, and Treasury, USAID, and American Development Bank. Overall, was the Conference well attended?   Did participants and employers seem pleased with their experience?   Any comments you received from them are welcome. Each year the Career Conference is well attended by about 160 students and 150 alums.   This is one of the most popular programs that the Office of Career Services offers.

Washington, D.C. Career Conference COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Washington, D.C. Career Conference COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following is an interview with Kirsten Bokenkamp, Head Organizer of SIPA’s Office of Career Services Washington D.C. Career Conference which takes place each January. What is the Washington D.C. Career Conference? The Washington D.C. Career Conference has taken place annually for the last 33 years.   As SIPA is located in New York, the Conference allows students to learn more about job and internship opportunities in the Washington D.C. area.   The Conference also allows students to get to know alumni and potential employers in the D.C. area. Which employers participated in last years conference? There was a wide range of employers represented at the Conference.   This past years employers included: AECOM International Development, Americans for the Arts, Ashoka, Bearing Point, Booz Allen Hamilton, Brookings Institution, Brookings Institution, Business Civic Leadership Center, Carbon Finance Unit, World Bank, Catholic Relief Services, Center for Naval Analysis, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, CGAP, Chemonics International, Chevron, DAI, Deloitte Consulting LLP, ENOUGH Project, Export-Import Bank, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Garten Rothkopf, Institute for Defense Analyses, International Civil Society Action Network, National Democratic Institute, National Democratic Institute, National Geographic Magazine, NPR, Office of Congressman Steve Israel, Office of Management and Budget, Peterson Institute for International Economics, QED Group, RAND Corporation, Refugee Protection Program, Human Rights First, Refugees International, Roll Call, Search for Common Groun d, Sentinel HS Group, LLC, Society for International Development, The Advocacy Project, The Cohen Group, The Stella Group, U.S. Agency for International Development, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Government Accountability Office, U.S. State Department, US Green Building Council, William James Foundation, World Bank, World Resources Institute How does the Conference work?   What is the process that the students go through? Interested students must register for the Conference in advance.   At the time of registration, students pay the fee (this year it was $60), and sign up for the panels they would like to attend.   The Conference takes place during winter break, on the Thursday and Friday before classes start.   On Thursday, there are usually about 15 panels, with 3-5 speakers each.     Panel topics include all of SIPAs functional concentrations, in addition to career paths such as consulting, microfinance, and corporate social responsibility.   The Conference also includes the Alumni Networking Reception on Thursday evening, where students and alums are able to socialize in a less formal environment. For the past two years, the Networking Reception has been at the Four Seasons Hotel, in Georgetown.   On Friday, students have the chance to schedule informational interviews with alums and participate in employer site visits.   This year employer site visits included the World Bank, the U.S. Department of State, and Treasury, USAID, and American Development Bank. Overall, was the Conference well attended?   Did participants and employers seem pleased with their experience?   Any comments you received from them are welcome. Each year the Career Conference is well attended by about 160 students and 150 alums.   This is one of the most popular programs that the Office of Career Services offers.

Reviewers Questions on the Thesis - 560 Words

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The Analysis Lactation And Breastfeeding - 1343 Words

Lactation Breastfeeding Milk is well adapted to the special needs of each species. Human milk is ideally suited to the needs of human infant. A recent study of more than 10,000 new born babies published in the American Journal â€Å"Paediatrics† has shown that if all babies start breast feeding within one hour, pre-natal deaths will be reduced by 22%. Babies have been dependent on his mother’s milk for survival. Although, the cow’s milk began to be used as a domestic animal 5000 years ago, less than 100 years since the baby food industry started to manufacture refined milk-based products as alternatives to breast milk. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that â€Å"breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants†. Breastfeeding is recommended as the exclusive source of nutrition for infants’ up to 6 months of age. After 6 months, iron-fortified complementary foods should be added to the basic diet of breast milk. 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Finance and Par Value - 2445 Words

Chapter 14 1. Templeton Extended Care Facilities, Inc. is considering the acquisition of a chain of cemeteries for $410 million. Since the primary asset of this business is real estate, Templeton’s management has determined that they will be able to borrow the majority of the money needed to buy the business. The current owners have no debt financing but Templeton plans to borrow $320 million and invest only $90 million in equity in the acquisition. What weights should Templeton use in computing the WACC for this acquisition? 2. In August of 2009 the capital structure of the Emerson Electric Corporation (EMR) (measure in book and market values) appeared as follows: Thousands of dollars Book Values Market values Short- term debt†¦show more content†¦The dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 5.8% per year into the foreseeable future. The price of this stock is now $25.18. c. A bond that has a $1,000 par value and a coupon interest rate of 12.7%. A new issue would sell for $1,150 per bond and mature in 20 years. The firm’s tax rate is 34%. d. A preferred stock paying a 7.2% dividend on a $93 par value. If a new issue is offered, the shares would sell for $85.32 per share. 7. Salte Corporation is issuing new common stock at a market price of $27.24. Dividends last year were $1.47 and are expected to grow at an annual rate of 5.7% forever. What is Salte’s cost of common equity? 8. Falon Corporation is issuing new common stock at a market price of $27.04. Dividends last year were $1.34 and are expected to grow at an annual rate of 7.3% forever. What is Falon’s cost of common equity capital? 9. Temple-Midland, Inc. is issuing a $1,000 par value bond that pays 7. 8% annual interest and matures in 15 years. Investors are willing to pay $953 for the bond and Temple faces a tax rate of 34%. What is Temple’s after-tax cost of debt on the bond? 10. 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Bond interest rates (aka the discount rate and/or required return) â€Å"is the rate of interest prevailing in the market for bonds of the same risk and maturity (AAII Journal, 2008)† and â€Å"is the sum of all future cash flows, discounted in value because they are not available today (AAII JournalRead MoreWeek 3 Individu al Assignment Fin/419 - Finance for Decision Making1390 Words   |  6 PagesWeek 3 Individual Assignments Finance for Decision Making FIN/419 January 30, 2012 Chapter 4: Problem 4-23 – Personal Finance Problem Funding your retirement - You plan to retire in exactly 20 years. Your goal is to create a fund that will allow you to receive $20,000 at the end of each year for the 30 years between retirement and death (a psychic told you would die exactly 30 years after you retire). You know that you

Toddlers and Tiaras free essay sample

Since it’s debut on TLC in 2009, Toddlers Tiaras has captured the attention of audiences of all ages across the country. This reality series gives viewers an inside look at the extremely competitive world of child beauty pageants by following contestants and their families as they prepare for various shows. With the youngest competitors starting at two years old, it is evident that most contestants did not choose this life for themselves. As a result, the show becomes just as much about the parents as it is about the children.As the saying goes, a little competition never hurt anyone, but after watching the extensive, exhausting process each girl goes through before each pageant, a big question arises as to why any parent would ever chose this life for their child? With competition this big and contestants this young, someone is definitely getting hurt. Early childhood is a critical period in one’s life as it marks the beginning of the life long process of socialization. Socialization is defined as â€Å"a continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity  and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social  skills appropriate to his or her social  position. † Primary socialization usually extends until a child enters kindergarden and is a vital period in a young person’s life as it sets the foundation for all future socialization. During this stage, young mind’s are extremely impressionable as they are relying solely on their observations and experiences to decipher their role in society.Since most contestants begin their involvement in beauty pageants before their school years, it is imperative to recognize the role of child beauty pageants as social institutions for they become responsible for the socialization of young contestants. The main responsibility of the socialization process is the formation of a personal identity. Your identity is strongly shaped by the values you uphold as they help guide y ou in making decisions and forming opinions. The first thing that beauty pageants do is strip children of what they should value most; their innocence.It begins with their hair as it is yanked, teased, curled, and straightened over and over again, only to be covered by gigantic hair pieces that are double the size of their head. Following the hair, comes layers and layers of heavy makeup accompanied by fake eyelashes and a mouth piece, called a flipper, which is used to cover baby teeth. In addition to their teeth, the contestants’ nails are made longer with acrylics and their skin is made darker with artificial tanner. The transformation that takes place has contestants looking like life size barbie dolls from the neck up.The only way to correct the discrepancy that occurs from the neck down is by dressing the girls in provocative outfits that reveal their midriff and accentuate their legs. The final product is completely unnatural looking and sends the message that this is what a girl is expected to look like which is totally unrealistic. When these contestants see that every other girl looks the same way they do, they will begin to think their attire is normal and acceptable. With so much emphasis on how they look, contestants begin to form a superficial perspective of themselves and of others because they now think that their self worth is only skin deep.The judging process only heightens this superficial outlook as it encourages materialism and vanity. One pageant director states â€Å"my judges are looking for facial beauty† which is further backed up by a judge who says, â€Å"I look for the full package in a girl: your hair, your makeup, making sure the makeup coordinates with the girls features. † The judges have a very shallow view on what it means to be a full package that sends the message to contestants that what is on the inside doesn’t count.The contestant’s performances on stage during the talent round robs them of any innocence they may have left as they dance to flirtatiou s choreography that is completely inappropriate for their age. Their behavior on stage offers them as merely sexual objects and whether they know it or not, sends the message that they are sexually available. With Beauty Pageants being the perfect pedophile’s playground, that is not the message that young girls should be sending to a crowd of strangers for it could easily entice unwanted attention.It becomes evident that many performances are excessively sexualized to a point where it makes people uncomfortable, as even one of the pageant judges stated, â€Å"Sometimes, the routine they do, I feel can be a little much. † One would think that the contestant’s parents would regulate the content of their child’s routine but shockingly, they are completely oblivious to the problem. Many of the parents continuously refer to their child’s booty shaking and gyrating as hip hop and don’t think anything of it.One pageant moms asserted â€Å" I think we’re dressing them up to look a lot older than they are and sexualizing them and I don’t agree with it† however, while she says this, her daughter is dipping it low and swinging her hips around in the background. Instead of being concerned about the safety of their child, it seems that all of the pageant parent’s energy is directed toward winning. Many times, the parents get so caught up in the competition that they are unable to see the negative effect they are having on their child. This can be seen in the Season 3 episode â€Å"Le Masion de Paris,† through four year old contestant Makenzie and her mother, Juana. Juana says that her daughter likes to help with the process of getting ready however, Makenzie is resistant and uninterested. It becomes clear that there is a lack of discipline as Makenzie is constantly whining and screaming and even tells the camera that she can do whatever she wants. In response, Juana agrees that Makenzie â€Å"likes to do what Makenzie likes to do at Makenzie’s time† and says that she just lets her do it.This lack of discipline will end up hurting Makenzie as she grows older for she will never learn how to cope when she doesnt get her way. On pageant day, everyone struggles to get Makenzie ready for the pageant as she doesn’t want to follow directions . One of the stylists complains, â€Å"putting nails on Makenzie was like putting nails on a Tasmanian devil† and another agrees saying â€Å"I rea lly had to chase her around, she wouldn’t cooperate. † While getting Makenzie ready for the pageant, adults are constantly having to push her down onto the styling chair and she repeatedly screams â€Å"Leave me alone, people! on the top of her lungs. Juana does nothing to control her child’s outbursts which makes Makenzie think that her behavior is acceptable and therefore, she continues acting out. After much crying and countless temper tantrums, Makenzie finally makes it to the stage where she â€Å"turns it on. † This shows how fake the competition for as soon as a contestant steps on stage she turns off her real emotions and puts on an act. Juana exclaims that Makenzie â€Å"absolutely loves being on stage,† however, the whole time she is off stage she is described as a â€Å"holy terror. It seems that the only time Makenzie is actually happy is when she is on stage, which is only for a few minutes out of a very long day but that short lived happiness is apparently enough for Juana to forget about t he terror Makenzie put everyone through all day. Before the awards, Juana says, â€Å"If Makenzie does not win the pageant, I will be let down because we do put a lot of time and money and effort into it. † It doesn’t make sense that Juana would continue entering Makenzie in competitions when it seems like she would be a lot happier if she didn’t have to do them and it would save their family a lot of money and time.In the end, it seems like it just isn’t worth it but Juana obviously isn’t thinking logically. It becomes evident that many parents have a personal motive in forcing their child into pageants for they seem to experience the most satisfaction and the most disappointment out of their child’s experience. In the Season 3 episode â€Å"Le Masion de Paris,† Tammy, the mother of 9 year old contestant Alex, excessively frets over her child’s hair, putting unneeded stress on her child. She tells Alex that her hair is a mess when in reality, it is perfectly straight.During the awards, Alex ends up winning â€Å"Best Hair† but still, Tammy is disappointed and states â€Å"I don’t think her hair style flattered he r. † Because of Tammy’s disappointment, Alex doesn’t feel proud of herself and isn’t able to enjoy her win. Tammy’s attitude sets a poor example for her child and promotes perfectionism and self criticism in Alex. As if these contestants don’t already look ridiculous enough in their hair and makeup, there is no need to be nit picky about hair that is fully styled.The last thing that these contestants need is to feel ugly in their pageant attire for if they don’t feel good about themselves with that much makeup on, how will they feel once all the makeup comes off? Additionally, when these girls are all being pinned up against each other to determine who is the most beautiful, they are going to develop self esteem issues if they are comparing themselves to every other girl. In the end, beauty pageants should not be open to young children before they begin schooling because they give contestants a skewed perception of reality that should not be the foundation of one’s identity.Child beauty pageants should have an age limit so that children have a chance to form th eir identity before getting involved in pageantry. Being a contestant in a beauty pageant should be a character that one takes on for a short period of time, not a lifestyle. The television show Toddlers ; Tiaras only makes matters worse because any young person who watches the show will receive the same corrupt messages as the contestants. If these pageants are being aired publicly it sends the message that this behavior and these standards are appropriate. This is not the show that children should be growing up to.